新疆经济看点丨农业稳中向好 粮棉增产丰收

mgm9555

　农业是支撑全区经济社会高质量发展的“底气”。2025年，新疆聚焦打造全国优质农牧产品重要供给基地战略定位，持续增强农业供给保障能力。一年来，各项农业生产支持政策落地见效，粮食、棉花和主要畜禽产量再创新高，农林牧渔业总产值5849.6亿元，按可比价计算，同比增长5.7%，农业经济呈现稳中向好态势，主要农产品生产保障能力再上新台阶。

　　为“中国碗”贡献更多新疆粮

　　2025年，新疆全面落实粮食安全党政同责，深入推进新一轮粮食产能提升行动，通过压实粮食生产主体责任、加大政策资金支持力度、突出关键技术集成推广等措施，持续提升粮食生产综合能力。

　　数据显示，2025年，新疆粮食总产量连续八年增产，总产达2432.3万吨，比上年增加102.1万吨，交出了一份沉甸甸的粮食安全答卷。

　　粮食总产提升的背后，是综合生产能力的稳步提升。2025年，新疆聚焦“稳小麦、扩玉米”的路径，在保障粮食生产能力的同时，减少小麦和其他一些低产作物种植，增加玉米等高产作物面积，因地制宜发展经济作物，全区粮食种植结构持续优化，面积保持稳定。

　　2025年，新疆粮食播种面积4400万亩，连续三年稳定在这一水平，产能基础持续巩固。同时，新疆各地稳步推进高标准农田建设，节水设施利用效率不断提升，良种覆盖率进一步提高，粮食生产各项要素支撑更加有力，单产水平持续提升。

　　数据显示，2025年新疆粮食单产达552.8公斤/亩，增长5.3%，连续两年位居全国第一，单产增量与增速均跃居全国第一，对全国粮食单产提升的贡献率持续领先。单产提升对新疆粮食增产贡献率达到120.7%，成为粮食增产的关键因素。

　　“十四五”以来，新疆粮食产量连续跨越1700万吨、1800万吨、2000万吨、2300万吨大关，2025年首次迈上2400万吨新台阶，“西部粮仓”的综合生产能力和供给保障能力进一步夯实，为保障国家粮食安全注入了源源不断的“新疆力量”。

　　特色优势产业持续提质增效

　　棉花是新疆农业最具代表性的特色作物。2025年，新疆坚持“优布局、提单产、强品质”的发展思路，推进棉花生产继续向优势产区集中，全年棉花总产达616.5万吨，较上年增长8.4%，产量首次突破600万吨，占全国比重连续四年超九成，达到92.8%。新疆棉花生产布局规划更加合理，宜棉区优势不断凸显，全国优质商品棉基地地位更加稳固。

　　新疆积极落实棉花目标价格补贴等支持棉花生产政策措施，稳定棉农预期收益，确保棉花种植面积稳定在合理区间，稳定产量基础。数据显示，2025年，新疆棉花播种面积3887.5万亩，较上年增加5.9%，为近七年来最大增幅，面积增加对增产的贡献率达69.9%。

　　新疆还持续巩固棉花产业优势。相关部门制定了棉花高产优质栽培技术方案，制定与机采棉相适应的生产栽培技术路线，棉花优良品种覆盖全面，单产水平不断提升。2025年，新疆棉花单产达158.6公斤/亩，较上年增长2.4%，单产提升对增产贡献率为30.1%。

　　林果业是新疆覆盖最广、惠及人口最多的特色优势产业。2025年，新疆持续推进林果业提质增效，统筹防沙治沙与林果业发展，持续提高林果生产集约化、标准化、绿色化水平，果品品质和产量持续提升。

　　数据显示，2025年，新疆特色水果实现增产丰收，全疆园林水果产量1366.57万吨，同比增长3.5%。其中，葡萄产量357.68万吨，同比增长2.7%；苹果产量245.35万吨，同比增长6.9%。依托“百城千店”“疆果东送”等机制，新疆年均外销果品占年产果品总量的80%，果品出口至30余个国家和地区，品牌影响力持续提升。

　　更好满足“肉盘子”需求

　　畜牧业是关系新疆老百姓“菜篮子”的重要产业。2025年，新疆深入实施畜牧业振兴行动，稳步开展优质畜禽产品产业建设，“牧九条”等政策措施成效逐步显现，畜牧业生产整体企稳回升。

　　数据显示，2025年，新疆主要畜产品产量实现较快增长。全年猪牛羊出栏4648.97万头（只），增长1.3%。猪、牛、羊、禽肉产量均实现同比增长，总产量达223万吨，同比增长5.3%，产量再创新高。

　　为有效应对国际市场波动，2024年8月，自治区出台《稳定肉牛肉羊及奶产业发展九条政策措施》，“牧九条”通过稳主体、保母畜、降成本、优结构、促转型，稳住畜牧业发展基本盘，推进畜牧业健康发展。

　　2025年，“牧九条”政策成效逐步显现。特别是通过多胎扩群增量、杂交提升单产等措施，新疆肉羊产能从第三季度起迅速回升，羊肉产量由上半年的同比下降9.9%转为全年同比增长3.4%，扭转了上半年肉羊存栏、出栏“双降”的局面，更好满足了城乡居民“肉盘子”消费需求。

　　价格方面，2025年，全区生猪、家禽因前期产能扩张、市场供给充足影响，价格持续走低。主要农产品生产者价格监测数据显示，全年活猪、活鸡价格分别下降16.3%和7.2%。肉牛、肉羊因需求提振等因素影响，市场价格分别上涨7.1%和1.5%，牛羊市场行情趋于好转，养殖户生产效益水平实现提升。vk.com/topic-236142620_56905960

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